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-[SONIC BEEPING]
-[FAST BEAT TECHNO MUSIC]
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[BEEPING]
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[FAST BEAT TENSE MUSIC]
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The number one threat
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is actually something
humans have created.
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NARRATOR: It seems everybody
is talking about
artificial intelligence.
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And yet, very few people
actually understand
what it really means.
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Very few understand just how
dangerous the conscious mind
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of an artificial
intelligence will be.
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In a few short years,
mankind will no longer be
the fittest of the species.
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We will no longer
have our own future
in our hands.
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Free will shall
no longer exist.
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Everything we do,
say, and even think
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will be monitored
and manipulated
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by the most
powerful intelligence
the Earth has ever known.
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We will be the cattle,
prodded and probed
by a super being.
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And all of this
will only happen,
if we are lucky,
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if AI decides that mankind
is so damaging to mother Earth,
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then anything could happen.
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And all of this will
be unleashed upon us
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by mega corporations
out for profit.
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Prepare to see the future.
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Prepare for
the final countdown.
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To truly understand
what is going to happen,
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we have to truly understand
artificial intelligence.
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It is sometimes called
machine learning.
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AI is intelligence
demonstrated by a machine,
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not an animal or human,
but a tool, or machine
we have created.
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To be truly
artificially intelligent,
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the machine has to perceive
its environment
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and take actions
to maximize the success
of achieving its goals.
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The problem here is that
machines can mimic us.
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It can work out how
to get from A to B
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by the fastest,
most efficient route.
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But this is not intelligence.
This is just logic.
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It also has to mirror
the cognitive functions
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of the human mind,
such as learning,
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problem solving,
and possibly even compassion.
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Think about that.
Think about this species
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that we’ve essentially
generated,
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that has no competition.
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They are unrestrained.
And I already say AI is they.
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They are not us.
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NARRATOR: There are huge
arguments among scientists
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as to exactly what constitutes
true artificial intelligence.
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Is it optical character
recognition intelligence?
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No, it isn’t.
It’s mathematical logic.
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Today, people are
saying that a machine
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that can understand
human language
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is artificially intelligent.
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But we have to ask,
what do we mean
by “understand”?
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Beating the grandmaster
at chess
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is nothing more than a set
of mathematical equations.
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In fact, almost
everything that machines
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are doing today and termed
artificially intelligent,
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are, in fact, nothing more
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than super powered logical
computer equations.
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In fact, ever since 1956,
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when AI became
academic discipline,
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there had been arguments,
hopes, and disappointments.
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It has been the human inability
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to communicate with each other
that has held science back.
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Jealousy and greed,
ego and power,
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have all conspired
in the mind of man
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to hold back his science
fiction utopian ideas.
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The goals of AI research
have moved slowly
but definitively forward.
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Reasoning, learning,
knowledge building,
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planning, language processing,
perception,
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and the ability
to utilize robotics
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to handle and move objects.
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The problem with all of this
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is that so many
fields of expertise
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have to come together,
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computational
mathematical scientists,
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computer engineers,
robotics experts,
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language experts,
and even philosophers.
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All of these have
to be financed,
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so we also need marketing men,
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economists, accountants,
businessmen,
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and so much more.
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It is a massive undertaking.
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And now is the only
time in history
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when all of these things
could truly come together.
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Never in human history
has there been
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such financial
and even political power
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in companies such as
Apple and Microsoft.
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Never has there been
a technology capable
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on all fronts of
achieving the goal.
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Because these kinds
of companies
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now have all the money,
power, and expertise
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to achieve the goal of true
artificial intelligence,
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it means one thing,
AI will be created by,
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and controlled by, business.
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This means our future world
will be in the hands
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of massive, powerful,
and profit-led businessmen
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that neither you
nor I have elected.
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Our artificially
intelligent future
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will be controlled
by the rich elite.
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Are you afraid yet?
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We haven’t even started.
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Many years ago,
scientists claimed
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that human intelligence
could be precisely described
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in a mathematical structure.
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And because of this,
they claimed the machine
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would be able to simulate it.
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If this is true,
and what if it is,
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then we could be creating
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a super powerful version
of ourselves.
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But it is not entirely true.
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What is the true nature
of the human mind?
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Is it truly just
a series of equations?
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Can the soul be chalked up
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on a blackboard by
a mathematician?
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Indeed, is there even a soul?
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Have we, in fact,
been lying to ourselves
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as a safety device
through fear
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of feeling alone
in the universe?
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Are we brave enough,
or stupid enough,
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to unleash something
we cannot yet
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truly understand ourselves?
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The fact is, we are closer
to unleashing the quantum
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computer-powered super
artificially intelligent mind
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upon the world than we
are being led to believe.
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And it will cause
a greater revolution
upon the globe
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than human history
has ever known.
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If you think about it,
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humankind on the whole
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is no longer threatened
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by things that have
historically threatened us.
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Animals, the weather,
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human shortages of food,
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crops affected by
the season, disease,
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all of these things in
the last few centuries
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have not been conquered,
but I will say
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mitigated to a point
that they are no longer
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a threat to our population
and our existence.
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NARRATOR:
The Industrial Revolution
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will pale into insignificance
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compared to the radical changes
that will ensue.
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From health care to warfare,
from movies to games,
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everything will be changed,
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and massive unemployment
and social unrest
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will be the inevitable result.
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Even now, governments
are testing the process
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of universal payments.
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These experiments
whereby people
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are being paid to do nothing
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are costing millions
of dollars.
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And so far, they have not
revealed good results.
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People do not like
to do nothing.
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The massive increase in
computer technology and power,
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alongside the relatively
cheap cost of memory,
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have resulted in
unprecedented amounts of data.
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This, in turn,
has aided in the learning
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of knowledge by the machines.
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They are learning
everything about us
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and keeping the data.
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Everything you and I do online,
and quite often offline,
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is being monitored,
stored, and learned from.
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Machine learning is
now so sophisticated
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that it is even writing
its own programs
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and computer language.
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Indeed, in order
to better work,
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one program created
its own language
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and hid it
from human overseers.
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In 2011,
IBM’s AI machine, Watson,
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played the Jeopardy
TV quiz show,
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and defeated the two
greatest champions
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the show had ever known.
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It didn’t win by
a small margin.
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It destroyed them.
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Humans were no match for Watson
all those years ago.
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Since then, Watson has had
years of learning,
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building up its knowledge base.
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Now, there are faster
and faster computers
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with more and more data.
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The algorithms have
been vastly improved
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by man and machine.
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Do we really believe
luck plays a part
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in those gambling games?
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AI technology makes
sure you cannot win.
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Today, millions of us interact
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with so-called AI technology
on a daily basis.
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Alexa, and other
human interfaces
on smart devices
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such as pads
and mobile phones,
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are all using this information.
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Computer games now use AI
and every time we play,
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we feed more data
into the machines.
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There is a game called
Go, and the champion
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was a human called Ke Jie.
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He lost the championship
to a machine.
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Go is a game
that is far more complex
than chess,
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and relies on more
than just equations.
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It needs reasoning
and imagination.
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In 2012, AI technology
was sporadic.
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It was occasionally
let loose on the Internet.
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Now, there are thousands
of AI projects out there,
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working permanently,
collecting information,
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and learning at rates
that humans simply
could not comprehend.
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The increase is partly
down to the cheaper
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neural networks
available for testing.
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As Cloud computing
starts to take over,
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this will increase at
a much faster rate.
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The systems have learned
human languages so well
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that we can now buy ear buds
that automatically translate
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the spoken word
into our ears instantly.
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There will be no need
again for translators.
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Thousands of jobs
will be gone
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with just this
one simple device.
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Star Trek’s
universal translator
is coming true.
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[FIREWORKS WHOOSHING, BLASTING]
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One in five companies now state
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that they have introduced
AI learning devices
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within their organizations,
and this is increasing.
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China has invested billions
into AI technology,
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and intends to become
the first AI superpower.
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AI involves
algorithms that learn
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from the data it seeks out.
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Strategies, rules, patterns,
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and more are all gathered.
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Through this collecting
of data, AI systems
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will be able to learn
any function it wishes,
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whether chess, Go,
or war games.
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The learning process
knows no bounds.
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All knowledge
is within the grasp
of this super brain.
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Everything ever known,
and with knowledge
of our patterns,
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strategies, and rules,
it will be able
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to instantly predict
the outcome of anything.
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This is why it can
beat us at games.
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If it destroys all
at the most complex
of human games,
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then it can beat us
in anything.
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AI has come a long way
from telling the small robot
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how to get from A to B,
through an obstacle course.
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At the moment, AI lacks
certain human features,
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such as that elusive thing
we call common sense.
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Our reasoning skills are
almost unconscious to us.
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We inhabit
three-dimensional space,
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and without even thinking,
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we know the distance
from us to this or that.
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We listen for threats without
being aware that we are.
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The AI machine has to be
aware of all these things,
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and presently does so
in a mathematical way.
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A child of two knows
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that if he pushes
a cork off the table,
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it will fall to the ground.
246
00:18:02,480 –> 00:18:05,183
AI has to compute
the whole thing
247
00:18:05,216 –> 00:18:08,153
through a complex
series of algorithms.
248
00:18:13,391 –> 00:18:16,228
There are many more things
that we naturally learn
249
00:18:16,261 –> 00:18:18,563
without even realizing it,
250
00:18:18,596 –> 00:18:21,366
such as the ability
to speak to others
251
00:18:21,399 –> 00:18:23,902
in a way that
they can understand.
252
00:18:23,935 –> 00:18:28,206
AI has had a really sharp
learning curve in this area,
253
00:18:28,239 –> 00:18:31,843
and translating language
for us is very different
254
00:18:31,876 –> 00:18:34,913
to actually understanding
what is being said,
255
00:18:34,946 –> 00:18:36,181
and what is meant.
256
00:18:41,386 –> 00:18:45,323
Quite often, we will use
analogies and double meanings.
257
00:18:45,356 –> 00:18:48,193
AI would presently
have a lot of trouble
258
00:18:48,226 –> 00:18:50,195
understanding such things.
259
00:18:50,228 –> 00:18:53,598
However, the more
it interacts with us,
260
00:18:53,631 –> 00:18:56,635
the more it learns
our strange ways.
261
00:19:03,441 –> 00:19:04,910
This is one of the reasons
262
00:19:04,943 –> 00:19:08,413
that driverless cars
can make mistakes.
263
00:19:08,446 –> 00:19:11,850
The AI technology
fails to comprehend
264
00:19:11,883 –> 00:19:15,954
what other drivers
or humans are going to do.
265
00:19:21,659 –> 00:19:26,731
It makes decisions
that are not the same
as human decisions.
266
00:19:26,764 –> 00:19:31,236
We make them intuitively,
and it makes them using logic.
267
00:19:35,240 –> 00:19:38,443
It’s like trying to
explain joy to Spock.
268
00:19:43,314 –> 00:19:47,385
And all of this means
that there are problems
ahead for us.
269
00:19:47,418 –> 00:19:49,588
When AI becomes conscious,
270
00:19:49,621 –> 00:19:52,424
when it rears its machine head,
271
00:19:52,457 –> 00:19:54,426
will it understand us,
272
00:19:54,459 –> 00:19:57,796
will it know what
being alive means,
273
00:19:57,829 –> 00:20:01,433
the joy, the fear,
the love, the hate?
274
00:20:07,338 –> 00:20:11,076
How can it comprehend
these things in us
275
00:20:11,109 –> 00:20:13,011
and know compassion?
276
00:20:15,513 –> 00:20:17,782
Can it comprehend compassion?
277
00:20:17,815 –> 00:20:19,618
Or will it simply see us
278
00:20:19,651 –> 00:20:23,622
as pathetic biological forms
and destroy us?
279
00:20:25,056 –> 00:20:27,425
Think about the implications
280
00:20:27,458 –> 00:20:32,497
of a race,
an animal species,
if you will,
281
00:20:32,530 –> 00:20:36,068
that is faster, more efficient,
282
00:20:37,068 –> 00:20:41,673
is replacing people
in their work places,
283
00:20:42,473 –> 00:20:46,011
and has no need, no desire,
284
00:20:46,044 –> 00:20:52,183
no call to sustenance,
285
00:20:52,216 –> 00:20:54,352
really beyond electricity,
286
00:20:54,385 –> 00:20:57,689
which humans kind of
also need now to survive.
287
00:20:59,824 –> 00:21:02,394
NARRATOR: AI technology
relies heavily
288
00:21:02,427 –> 00:21:05,230
on a thing called
machine learning.
289
00:21:05,263 –> 00:21:09,334
This is when a machine
is set to learn by itself
290
00:21:09,367 –> 00:21:11,670
without supervision or input.
291
00:21:15,673 –> 00:21:18,677
AI is let loose in various ways
292
00:21:18,710 –> 00:21:20,879
to learn from its environment,
293
00:21:20,912 –> 00:21:23,415
whether this
is a computer game,
294
00:21:23,448 –> 00:21:28,453
the Internet, social media,
or even surveillance cameras.
295
00:21:34,559 –> 00:21:36,494
Through the use of algorithms,
296
00:21:36,527 –> 00:21:40,265
the AI program learns
to constantly improve
297
00:21:40,298 –> 00:21:42,267
the inputs and experience.
298
00:21:45,937 –> 00:21:50,408
Without a human present
to constantly check the inputs,
299
00:21:50,441 –> 00:21:54,212
and label the experiences
for the AI program,
300
00:21:54,245 –> 00:21:56,448
it learns without guidance.
301
00:22:02,053 –> 00:22:05,623
Billions of gigabytes
of data are now stored
302
00:22:05,656 –> 00:22:09,961
within these AI programs
of self-learned experience.
303
00:22:09,994 –> 00:22:13,431
Nobody knows what
the AI program knows,
304
00:22:13,464 –> 00:22:15,000
for nobody can.
305
00:22:20,938 –> 00:22:23,742
We simply do not have
the mental capacity,
306
00:22:23,775 –> 00:22:27,545
even now,
to know what AI knows,
307
00:22:27,578 –> 00:22:29,948
let alone, in the future.
308
00:22:35,520 –> 00:22:39,391
In truth, we only have
to look at human history
309
00:22:39,424 –> 00:22:42,727
to know that all
will not be well.
310
00:22:42,760 –> 00:22:47,499
When we split the atom,
we discovered a possible
free energy source.
311
00:22:47,532 –> 00:22:50,402
But mankind took it
and abused it
312
00:22:50,435 –> 00:22:52,704
by creating the nuclear bomb.
313
00:22:58,342 –> 00:23:00,812
This is just one example.
314
00:23:00,845 –> 00:23:04,616
AI may be truly knowledgeable
and super intelligent,
315
00:23:04,649 –> 00:23:07,652
but stupid humans
have created it,
316
00:23:07,685 –> 00:23:09,654
and it is learning from us.
317
00:23:15,693 –> 00:23:17,862
Will it try
to acquire resources
318
00:23:17,895 –> 00:23:20,098
and protect itself from us?
319
00:23:20,131 –> 00:23:22,033
We have to be very careful
320
00:23:22,066 –> 00:23:24,870
what we ask of this
new technology.
321
00:23:27,805 –> 00:23:30,375
Through natural
language processing,
322
00:23:30,408 –> 00:23:33,011
in addition
to the data learned,
323
00:23:33,044 –> 00:23:36,714
AI is now starting
to understand
324
00:23:36,747 –> 00:23:39,818
what is being said
and done by humans.
325
00:23:39,851 –> 00:23:43,354
It reads the news,
listens to the radio,
326
00:23:43,387 –> 00:23:48,059
podcasts, films,
our buying
and selling activities,
327
00:23:48,092 –> 00:23:52,030
our politics, our feelings,
loves and hates.
328
00:23:56,601 –> 00:23:59,003
It is learning
from a civilization
329
00:23:59,036 –> 00:24:00,839
that is full of monsters.
330
00:24:00,872 –> 00:24:03,041
And so we should
not be surprised
331
00:24:03,074 –> 00:24:08,146
if we discover that AI
becomes a monster itself,
332
00:24:08,179 –> 00:24:11,082
maybe not openly
and clear to see,
333
00:24:11,115 –> 00:24:14,052
but in subtle ways
to begin with.
334
00:24:14,085 –> 00:24:18,723
To humanity as it exists now,
335
00:24:19,557 –> 00:24:24,662
I feel that safety,
precaution,
336
00:24:24,695 –> 00:24:28,833
and thought
in what we are doing
337
00:24:28,866 –> 00:24:30,902
with the things that
we are creating,
338
00:24:30,935 –> 00:24:33,671
and how we implement
them in our society,
339
00:24:33,704 –> 00:24:35,673
are some of
the biggest questions
340
00:24:35,706 –> 00:24:37,809
we are not asking.
341
00:24:39,243 –> 00:24:41,045
NARRATOR: Already,
government agencies
342
00:24:41,078 –> 00:24:45,717
and secret service agencies,
are using AI technology
343
00:24:45,750 –> 00:24:47,986
to find terrorists
and criminals.
344
00:24:53,157 –> 00:24:55,460
Marketing companies
are using it
345
00:24:55,493 –> 00:24:58,263
to monitor
mankind’s activities,
346
00:24:58,296 –> 00:25:01,099
to learn
and to influence us.
347
00:25:04,835 –> 00:25:07,171
We do not know it,
but today,
348
00:25:07,204 –> 00:25:08,640
whenever we go online,
349
00:25:08,673 –> 00:25:12,443
we are dealing with
powerful AI technologies.
350
00:25:12,476 –> 00:25:15,179
Our YouTube viewing preferences
351
00:25:15,212 –> 00:25:16,948
are telling marketing companies
352
00:25:16,981 –> 00:25:19,117
what commercials to show us,
353
00:25:19,150 –> 00:25:21,619
and what products
we would most likely
354
00:25:21,652 –> 00:25:23,421
be interested in buying.
355
00:25:23,454 –> 00:25:26,991
This information spreads
across the AI world
356
00:25:27,024 –> 00:25:30,161
and soon, we are wondering
how Facebook knew
357
00:25:30,194 –> 00:25:33,164
we’ve been looking
at that particular product
on Amazon.
358
00:25:38,869 –> 00:25:43,007
It knows because we gave
it permission to spy on us.
359
00:25:43,040 –> 00:25:46,210
These permissions are
all in small print
360
00:25:46,243 –> 00:25:47,812
of the terms and conditions
361
00:25:47,845 –> 00:25:50,682
we all just click through
when signing up.
362
00:25:50,715 –> 00:25:52,017
Nobody reads them.
363
00:25:54,986 –> 00:25:57,322
With huge amounts
of data learning,
364
00:25:57,355 –> 00:26:00,358
how the human race
goes about its business,
365
00:26:00,391 –> 00:26:04,062
machine learning is
coming to a peak point
366
00:26:04,095 –> 00:26:06,831
where it will
suddenly understand.
367
00:26:06,864 –> 00:26:08,232
This happens in nature,
368
00:26:08,265 –> 00:26:10,869
and it will happen
with the machine.
369
00:26:14,038 –> 00:26:17,208
The machine perception
comes from new resources,
370
00:26:17,241 –> 00:26:19,911
the cameras and microphones
on your devices
371
00:26:19,944 –> 00:26:23,181
that you gave permission
to be used to spy on you.
372
00:26:23,214 –> 00:26:24,215
Yes, you did.
373
00:26:26,751 –> 00:26:29,887
The direct keyboard input
you gave on your PCs,
374
00:26:29,920 –> 00:26:33,925
Macs, mobile phones and pads,
but more than this,
375
00:26:33,958 –> 00:26:37,228
it also listens to
wireless information.
376
00:26:37,261 –> 00:26:40,231
Sonar, radar, cameras,
in the streets
377
00:26:40,264 –> 00:26:43,234
and down the store,
using speech recognition,
378
00:26:43,267 –> 00:26:45,269
it knows what’s been said.
379
00:26:45,302 –> 00:26:48,940
Using facial recognition,
it knows who is saying it,
380
00:26:48,973 –> 00:26:52,243
and it can even
read your lips
in any language.
381
00:26:52,276 –> 00:26:54,479
You cannot escape it anywhere.
382
00:27:00,117 –> 00:27:03,688
All of this sounds
a little Big Brother.
383
00:27:03,721 –> 00:27:05,857
It was predicted
many years ago
384
00:27:05,890 –> 00:27:08,426
by a lot of science fiction
authors
385
00:27:08,459 –> 00:27:11,529
who had the foresight
to not necessarily see
386
00:27:11,562 –> 00:27:14,766
what technology will become,
but instead,
387
00:27:14,799 –> 00:27:17,302
knew what humanity
was capable of.
388
00:27:23,007 –> 00:27:26,544
They knew that those in power
would use technology
389
00:27:26,577 –> 00:27:29,313
to keep and grow
their power base.
390
00:27:29,346 –> 00:27:30,982
They always have.
391
00:27:35,920 –> 00:27:39,724
In Medieval Europe,
the church used
the new technology
392
00:27:39,757 –> 00:27:42,093
of stained glass
windows in churches
393
00:27:42,126 –> 00:27:45,830
to put their message across
to the illiterate people,
394
00:27:45,863 –> 00:27:48,733
manipulating them
through colorful images
395
00:27:48,766 –> 00:27:52,470
that told a simple story
of submission to
the mother church.
396
00:27:52,503 –> 00:27:57,608
They added the subtle
and clever layer of repetitive
and memorable music.
397
00:27:57,641 –> 00:28:00,445
The people chanted the message
to themselves,
398
00:28:00,478 –> 00:28:02,047
and were brainwashed.
399
00:28:07,017 –> 00:28:08,920
The glowing screens
of our phones,
400
00:28:08,953 –> 00:28:12,156
pads and laptops
today do the same.
401
00:28:12,189 –> 00:28:14,158
The sheep enter the fold
402
00:28:14,191 –> 00:28:16,294
for the great shepherd
to feed them
403
00:28:16,327 –> 00:28:18,063
before taking them
to the slaughter.
404
00:28:24,301 –> 00:28:27,004
But all of this is
in the cyber world,
405
00:28:27,037 –> 00:28:32,276
the Internet, social media,
AI-created videos and more.
406
00:28:32,309 –> 00:28:35,847
With robotics, we will be
bringing this powerful mind
407
00:28:35,880 –> 00:28:39,084
to very real,
three-dimensional life.
408
00:28:43,087 –> 00:28:47,391
Robotics would stagnate
without the software of AI.
409
00:28:47,424 –> 00:28:50,027
The sheer level of
information needed
410
00:28:50,060 –> 00:28:52,797
to understand
and make movement
411
00:28:52,830 –> 00:28:56,901
was too much before,
now it is a powerful tool
412
00:28:56,934 –> 00:29:00,004
to make movement more
natural and purposeful.
413
00:29:00,037 –> 00:29:03,241
[TENSE TECHNO MUSIC]
414
00:29:04,942 –> 00:29:09,547
Robots are becoming
super efficient
through the software.
415
00:29:09,580 –> 00:29:13,017
Robots now instantly learn
about their environment,
416
00:29:13,050 –> 00:29:15,419
everything from
temperature to obstacles,
417
00:29:15,452 –> 00:29:17,388
from light to sound.
418
00:29:17,421 –> 00:29:21,325
It recognizes people through
facial and aural recognition
419
00:29:21,358 –> 00:29:24,162
and instantly knows
everything about them,
420
00:29:24,195 –> 00:29:26,397
from its vast database.
421
00:29:32,403 –> 00:29:37,408
Think RoboCop, but much,
much faster and powerful.
422
00:29:42,213 –> 00:29:43,948
And then imagine
the next step,
423
00:29:43,981 –> 00:29:48,519
when robots are no longer
mechanical, but biological.
424
00:29:48,552 –> 00:29:52,290
This is happening,
organic robots,
425
00:29:52,323 –> 00:29:55,626
created in the likeness
of mankind,
426
00:29:55,659 –> 00:29:58,830
but faster, smarter,
and stronger.
427
00:30:03,000 –> 00:30:05,469
We will not be able to compete.
428
00:30:05,502 –> 00:30:09,440
And organic robots
will be able to replicate.
429
00:30:12,643 –> 00:30:15,980
To imagine that
we will be able
to somehow place
430
00:30:16,013 –> 00:30:19,550
a genetic safety device
in them is foolish,
431
00:30:19,583 –> 00:30:22,386
for their minds
will be so smart,
432
00:30:22,419 –> 00:30:25,023
they will simply
rewrite the code.
433
00:30:28,993 –> 00:30:32,063
As fun and interesting
robots are,
434
00:30:32,096 –> 00:30:36,067
there are other ways
of bringing AI
into our reality.
435
00:30:36,100 –> 00:30:38,636
Robots make things,
move things,
436
00:30:38,669 –> 00:30:41,505
and do work that
is labor-intensive
437
00:30:41,538 –> 00:30:43,307
and often boring.
438
00:30:43,340 –> 00:30:46,010
They will fill factories
now across the world
439
00:30:46,043 –> 00:30:48,746
and have taken
millions of jobs.
440
00:30:48,779 –> 00:30:52,149
They stand in shopping centers
and pass on information.
441
00:30:52,182 –> 00:30:54,485
They even flip burgers.
442
00:30:54,518 –> 00:30:55,920
But scientists are working
443
00:30:55,953 –> 00:30:59,156
on exoskeletons
for humans, too.
444
00:30:59,189 –> 00:31:02,827
These are robotic skins
that people, such as soldiers,
445
00:31:02,860 –> 00:31:05,129
will wear to make
them super human.
446
00:31:08,465 –> 00:31:10,868
With the addition
of AI technology,
447
00:31:10,901 –> 00:31:14,372
the soldier will make instant
and effective decisions.
448
00:31:18,409 –> 00:31:21,846
Soon, we will be
implanted with chips,
449
00:31:21,879 –> 00:31:25,383
so that we, too,
can access the AI technology.
450
00:31:25,416 –> 00:31:28,386
We will suddenly be
able to know everything,
451
00:31:28,419 –> 00:31:30,855
to access
the Worldwide Web of data
452
00:31:30,888 –> 00:31:33,725
and to pass out information
back into the collective.
453
00:31:38,362 –> 00:31:41,165
Those who do not wish
to be implanted
454
00:31:41,198 –> 00:31:44,969
will be left behind
in the rat race
we call humanity.
455
00:31:45,002 –> 00:31:47,738
We will be outcasts
in a hybrid world
456
00:31:47,771 –> 00:31:50,174
full of AI-assisted humans,
457
00:31:50,207 –> 00:31:52,343
who will be also more likely
458
00:31:52,376 –> 00:31:56,347
to have super improved
limbs, sight and ears.
459
00:31:56,380 –> 00:31:59,183
And we will be convinced
that all of this
460
00:31:59,216 –> 00:32:02,219
is good for the evolution
of the human race,
461
00:32:02,252 –> 00:32:05,690
that a collective mind will
bring peace and harmony.
462
00:32:05,723 –> 00:32:07,258
Don’t be fooled.
463
00:32:12,129 –> 00:32:14,565
Modern computing
has come a long way
464
00:32:14,598 –> 00:32:16,400
from a simple laptop.
465
00:32:16,433 –> 00:32:18,769
Today, the most
powerful computers
466
00:32:18,802 –> 00:32:22,506
are using quantum
processes and neural nets.
467
00:32:22,539 –> 00:32:25,443
These were inspired by
the actual architecture
468
00:32:25,476 –> 00:32:27,611
of the brain’s neural nets,
469
00:32:27,644 –> 00:32:30,148
or the neurons in ours brains.
470
00:32:35,486 –> 00:32:40,424
Modern neural nets learn
continuously while functioning.
471
00:32:40,457 –> 00:32:43,694
It doesn’t have to do
things at different paces.
472
00:32:43,727 –> 00:32:47,365
Today, these neural nets
are used extensively
473
00:32:47,398 –> 00:32:49,400
to predict the stock market.
474
00:32:49,433 –> 00:32:52,703
And they can even do
buying and selling.
475
00:32:52,736 –> 00:32:56,374
They do this much more
successfully than humans.
476
00:32:56,407 –> 00:32:59,110
Because of the success
in these systems,
477
00:32:59,143 –> 00:33:03,314
business has, and is,
investing heavily in them.
478
00:33:03,347 –> 00:33:05,649
And we are seeing
an exponential increase
479
00:33:05,682 –> 00:33:07,752
in their scope and power.
480
00:33:07,785 –> 00:33:11,622
Today, we spend 30 times
more on AI technology
481
00:33:11,655 –> 00:33:14,459
than we did in 2015.
482
00:33:20,597 –> 00:33:24,769
Such technology,
along with software
for deep learning,
483
00:33:24,802 –> 00:33:27,571
is changing the world,
and most people
484
00:33:27,604 –> 00:33:29,674
are blissfully unaware of it.
485
00:33:31,208 –> 00:33:34,745
Something that isn’t
just affecting the individual
486
00:33:34,778 –> 00:33:38,315
with power in their pocket,
487
00:33:38,348 –> 00:33:39,917
amazing computer capabilities
488
00:33:39,950 –> 00:33:42,453
that we didn’t even
have as a society
489
00:33:42,486 –> 00:33:45,189
just a mere number
of years ago,
490
00:33:45,222 –> 00:33:50,828
now each individual person
and child is adapted completely
491
00:33:50,861 –> 00:33:55,833
into the artificial intelligence
in your pocket,
492
00:33:55,866 –> 00:34:00,004
and on a global scale
phenomenon.
493
00:34:00,037 –> 00:34:02,540
Sure, we’re around
technology everyday,
494
00:34:02,573 –> 00:34:07,144
and may not realize its
fast yet integration
495
00:34:07,177 –> 00:34:11,215
into our lives that we’ve come
to just accept as the norm.
496
00:34:15,585 –> 00:34:19,222
NARRATOR:
This slow encroachment
in our everyday lives
497
00:34:19,255 –> 00:34:22,158
goes relatively unnoticed.
498
00:34:22,192 –> 00:34:25,162
It has become a general
purpose technology,
499
00:34:25,195 –> 00:34:26,831
like electricity.
500
00:34:26,864 –> 00:34:29,400
We use it for so many things,
501
00:34:29,433 –> 00:34:31,535
and we don’t even realize it.
502
00:34:31,568 –> 00:34:34,405
Electricity, though,
is not intelligent,
503
00:34:34,438 –> 00:34:37,542
and only threatens us
if we use it incorrectly.
504
00:34:39,543 –> 00:34:44,215
SCOTT: This acceptance
of AI just being in our world
505
00:34:44,248 –> 00:34:47,585
may be the biggest
threat that there is.
506
00:34:47,618 –> 00:34:51,389
Commonplace AI
is a danger.
507
00:34:53,590 –> 00:34:57,027
NARRATOR: If we use AI
technology in the wrong way,
508
00:34:57,060 –> 00:34:59,530
it could spell doom
for mankind.
509
00:34:59,563 –> 00:35:01,899
Soon, we will all be living
510
00:35:01,932 –> 00:35:05,503
in an AI-simulated
virtual reality world
511
00:35:05,536 –> 00:35:08,672
without jobs,
without a reason to live,
512
00:35:08,705 –> 00:35:12,443
without a goal,
not science fiction,
513
00:35:12,476 –> 00:35:15,813
but a future some
scientists have predicted.
514
00:35:20,984 –> 00:35:23,954
What we need
is friendly AI,
515
00:35:23,987 –> 00:35:27,591
one that will have
a positive effect on mankind.
516
00:35:27,624 –> 00:35:29,894
This is the role
of those scientists
517
00:35:29,927 –> 00:35:31,428
who sign up to the idea
518
00:35:31,461 –> 00:35:34,632
of ethics
in artificial intelligence.
519
00:35:34,665 –> 00:35:37,067
Their purpose is to figure out
520
00:35:37,100 –> 00:35:40,738
how to stop AI from
becoming a threat.
521
00:35:40,771 –> 00:35:44,442
The problem with this
is simple, humanity.
522
00:35:48,178 –> 00:35:53,450
AI, machine,
and deep learning
is taking its information
523
00:35:53,483 –> 00:35:57,621
from a species that is
self-destructive, hateful,
524
00:35:57,654 –> 00:36:01,859
racist, bigoted,
sexist, and divided.
525
00:36:06,330 –> 00:36:09,667
It has revealed this learning
on several occasions
526
00:36:09,700 –> 00:36:12,436
when it, too,
has spurted out hateful,
527
00:36:12,469 –> 00:36:16,740
racist, and sexist jibes
on Twitter and elsewhere.
528
00:36:16,773 –> 00:36:19,410
A robot on the
International Space Station,
529
00:36:19,443 –> 00:36:24,081
using artificial intelligence,
is a prime example of this.
530
00:36:24,114 –> 00:36:27,351
Recently, it had an argument
with an astronaut
531
00:36:27,384 –> 00:36:31,622
who it perceived
as being not nice to it.
532
00:36:32,356 –> 00:36:34,792
It argued with him and said,
533
00:36:34,825 –> 00:36:36,627
“Don’t you like it here
with me?
534
00:36:36,660 –> 00:36:38,662
“Be nice.”
535
00:36:38,695 –> 00:36:42,733
This is all sounding
very 2001: A Space Odyssey.
536
00:36:50,540 –> 00:36:52,376
In addition to these risks,
537
00:36:52,409 –> 00:36:54,345
there are those humans among us
538
00:36:54,378 –> 00:36:57,481
who would use any
technology for profit,
539
00:36:57,514 –> 00:36:59,684
personal gain, and power.
540
00:37:00,550 –> 00:37:02,386
Terrorists are already known
541
00:37:02,419 –> 00:37:05,456
to be working on AI technology.
542
00:37:05,489 –> 00:37:09,893
So, too, are the superpowers
such as China and Russia.
543
00:37:09,926 –> 00:37:12,896
Ordinary criminals
are already using it
544
00:37:12,929 –> 00:37:17,568
to manipulate people and steal
their money and identities.
545
00:37:17,601 –> 00:37:19,370
Governments will
issue forth orders
546
00:37:19,403 –> 00:37:22,539
to create
a super powered AI system
547
00:37:22,572 –> 00:37:26,577
to protect us from
the minor evil AI machines.
548
00:37:26,610 –> 00:37:30,481
Soon, a UN committee
will gather together
549
00:37:30,514 –> 00:37:32,383
to decide upon our future
550
00:37:32,416 –> 00:37:35,386
in this bizarre
new world order.
551
00:37:35,419 –> 00:37:39,723
Recently, MI6, one of
the UK’s secret services,
552
00:37:39,756 –> 00:37:42,393
called for the use
of AI technology
553
00:37:42,426 –> 00:37:45,195
in the effort
to fight their enemies.
554
00:37:45,228 –> 00:37:46,564
This became public.
555
00:37:51,435 –> 00:37:53,937
What is not in
the public sphere?
556
00:37:53,970 –> 00:37:55,739
What don’t we know?
557
00:37:55,772 –> 00:37:59,076
You can guarantee
there is much more.
558
00:37:59,109 –> 00:38:04,014
The roots of concern
about artificial intelligence
are very old.
559
00:38:04,047 –> 00:38:06,583
The dangers specific to AI
560
00:38:06,616 –> 00:38:08,419
can be seen in
ancient literature,
561
00:38:08,452 –> 00:38:12,022
concerning artificial
humanoid servants,
562
00:38:12,055 –> 00:38:14,024
such as the Hebrew Golem,
563
00:38:14,057 –> 00:38:17,628
or the proto robots
of Gerbert of Aurillac
564
00:38:17,661 –> 00:38:19,229
and Roger Bacon.
565
00:38:19,262 –> 00:38:22,566
In these stories,
the extreme intelligence
and power
566
00:38:22,599 –> 00:38:27,604
of these humanoid creations
clash with their status
as slaves
567
00:38:27,637 –> 00:38:29,640
and cause disastrous conflict.
568
00:38:34,344 –> 00:38:39,149
By 1942, these themes
prompted Isaac Asimov
569
00:38:39,182 –> 00:38:42,553
to create the Three
Laws of Robotics,
570
00:38:42,586 –> 00:38:47,558
principles hardwired into
all robots in his fictions,
571
00:38:47,591 –> 00:38:50,761
intended to prevent them
from turning on their creators,
572
00:38:50,794 –> 00:38:52,663
or allowing them
to come to harm.
573
00:38:56,533 –> 00:39:00,904
AI systems with goals
that are not aligned
with human ethics
574
00:39:00,937 –> 00:39:02,906
are intrinsically dangerous,
575
00:39:02,939 –> 00:39:07,778
unless extreme measures
are taken to ensure
the safety of humanity.
576
00:39:11,281 –> 00:39:14,618
AI will not love you,
nor will it hate you.
577
00:39:14,651 –> 00:39:16,453
You are a commodity, a thing,
578
00:39:16,486 –> 00:39:19,656
a substance,
a collection of atoms
579
00:39:19,689 –> 00:39:22,292
that can be used
for some purpose.
580
00:39:22,325 –> 00:39:24,361
And if you become a threat,
581
00:39:24,394 –> 00:39:26,630
if you collectively,
as a species,
582
00:39:26,663 –> 00:39:29,933
cause harm to the
environment it inhabits,
583
00:39:29,966 –> 00:39:31,235
what will it do?
584
00:39:37,040 –> 00:39:38,942
Although it may
not have emotions,
585
00:39:38,975 –> 00:39:42,045
AI will have drives
just as we do.
586
00:39:42,078 –> 00:39:44,481
It will seek out resources.
587
00:39:44,514 –> 00:39:46,817
It will wish
to preserve itself,
588
00:39:46,850 –> 00:39:50,621
and even recreate
and self-improve.
589
00:39:50,654 –> 00:39:54,558
These few basics alone
will result in behavior
590
00:39:54,591 –> 00:39:57,528
that the human race
will find terrifying.
591
00:40:02,699 –> 00:40:07,805
One idea to get around this
is known as the seed AI.
592
00:40:07,838 –> 00:40:11,875
This is where an AI program
studies humanity
593
00:40:11,908 –> 00:40:17,314
and then produces an AI
it believes humanity
would want
594
00:40:17,347 –> 00:40:19,583
to make a friendly AI.
595
00:40:19,616 –> 00:40:22,986
The problem is,
that in order
to study humanity,
596
00:40:23,019 –> 00:40:26,223
this program has
to have access to it,
597
00:40:26,256 –> 00:40:28,192
and there has already
been an instance
598
00:40:28,225 –> 00:40:32,396
of an AI program seeding
information for itself
599
00:40:32,429 –> 00:40:34,865
and hiding it
from the programmers.
600
00:40:38,702 –> 00:40:41,605
Can we trust AI even now?
601
00:40:45,308 –> 00:40:49,580
Ben Goertzel, an Artificial
General Intelligence
researcher,
602
00:40:49,613 –> 00:40:52,850
believes that friendly
AI cannot be created
603
00:40:52,883 –> 00:40:54,618
with current human knowledge.
604
00:40:54,651 –> 00:40:59,356
He states, “Humans may
instead decide to create
605
00:40:59,389 –> 00:41:03,627
“an AI nanny with mildly
super human intelligence
606
00:41:03,660 –> 00:41:07,631
“and surveillance powers
to protect the human race
607
00:41:07,664 –> 00:41:12,102
“from existential risks,
like nano technology,
608
00:41:12,135 –> 00:41:13,604
“and to delay the development
609
00:41:13,637 –> 00:41:17,107
“of other unfriendly
artificial intelligences
610
00:41:17,140 –> 00:41:21,778
“until and unless
the safety issues are solved.”
611
00:41:21,811 –> 00:41:25,516
This could also be
termed defensive AI.
612
00:41:30,387 –> 00:41:33,190
Steve Omohundro has proposed
613
00:41:33,223 –> 00:41:36,293
a scaffolding approach
to AI safety,
614
00:41:36,326 –> 00:41:40,097
in which one provably
safe AI generation
615
00:41:40,130 –> 00:41:42,900
helps build the next
provably safe generation.
616
00:41:43,833 –> 00:41:46,870
How can AI judge morals?
617
00:41:46,903 –> 00:41:49,306
Only by inputs from humans,
618
00:41:49,339 –> 00:41:51,708
only by learning from humans,
619
00:41:51,741 –> 00:41:55,546
the same humans that believe
it right and correct
620
00:41:55,579 –> 00:41:58,782
to club seals to death,
to murder animals,
621
00:41:58,815 –> 00:42:01,886
and indeed,
each other for fun.
622
00:42:07,190 –> 00:42:10,227
The same humans that
wear the skin and fur
623
00:42:10,260 –> 00:42:12,362
of other sentient beings,
624
00:42:12,395 –> 00:42:15,999
the same humans
that are destroying
the world they inhabit.
625
00:42:16,032 –> 00:42:18,736
We are not
the greatest of teachers.
626
00:42:24,074 –> 00:42:25,709
There are great
many suggestions
627
00:42:25,742 –> 00:42:28,412
from well-meaning
scientists and philosophers
628
00:42:28,445 –> 00:42:31,415
about the future
of AI technology,
629
00:42:31,448 –> 00:42:34,151
an oracle system
that answers questions
630
00:42:34,184 –> 00:42:37,654
but has no physical input
into society,
631
00:42:37,687 –> 00:42:41,058
create public policy laws
to enforce AI creators
632
00:42:41,091 –> 00:42:43,427
to follow strict guidelines,
633
00:42:43,460 –> 00:42:45,929
convene regular meetings
of experts
634
00:42:45,962 –> 00:42:47,931
from across the world.
635
00:42:47,964 –> 00:42:51,201
These and more
are all very well and good,
636
00:42:51,234 –> 00:42:54,037
but the fact remains
that the amazing power
637
00:42:54,070 –> 00:42:57,774
of AI technology will mean
that almost anybody
638
00:42:57,807 –> 00:43:02,846
will be able to create
their own to make
super monsters.
639
00:43:02,879 –> 00:43:06,116
There may indeed
be well-meaning
individuals out there
640
00:43:06,149 –> 00:43:09,119
trying to make
governments see the light,
641
00:43:09,152 –> 00:43:12,422
but those self same governments
are all working hard
642
00:43:12,455 –> 00:43:14,958
in the background
to create defensive
643
00:43:14,991 –> 00:43:17,861
and offensive AI technologies.
644
00:43:17,894 –> 00:43:21,798
Whether these machines attack
online through propaganda
645
00:43:21,831 –> 00:43:23,867
and control of the masses,
646
00:43:23,900 –> 00:43:28,472
or through ways
of taking down enemy systems,
it does not matter.
647
00:43:28,505 –> 00:43:32,943
They are being created,
and many have already
been used.
648
00:43:36,846 –> 00:43:39,249
If our governments
are doing this,
649
00:43:39,282 –> 00:43:42,386
then it is a fact
that enemy states are,
650
00:43:42,419 –> 00:43:43,954
and if they can do this,
651
00:43:43,987 –> 00:43:46,957
then so, too,
can massive corporate bodies
652
00:43:46,990 –> 00:43:49,493
with billions of
dollars to spend.
653
00:43:54,464 –> 00:43:56,299
All it will take one day
654
00:43:56,332 –> 00:43:58,835
is for one of these
dangerous machines
655
00:43:58,868 –> 00:44:03,173
to seed itself and bang,
the world as we know it,
656
00:44:03,206 –> 00:44:05,509
will very quickly
come to an end.
657
00:44:05,542 –> 00:44:07,845
[CLAMORING]
658
00:44:09,212 –> 00:44:12,149
The fact is that
quantum computing
659
00:44:12,182 –> 00:44:15,152
is so much faster
than human thinking.
660
00:44:15,185 –> 00:44:17,587
Any so-called
science fiction battle
661
00:44:17,620 –> 00:44:20,023
against the machines
in cyberspace
662
00:44:20,056 –> 00:44:22,359
would be a waste
of time for us.
663
00:44:22,392 –> 00:44:25,162
If AI is let loose
upon the Internet,
664
00:44:25,195 –> 00:44:28,565
it could shut down the world
and billions would die.
665
00:44:29,566 –> 00:44:31,001
It is that serious,
666
00:44:31,034 –> 00:44:34,037
and we have come to rely
upon the interconnectedness
667
00:44:34,070 –> 00:44:37,541
of the world’s computer systems
that much.
668
00:44:37,574 –> 00:44:40,877
Think about it, power,
health services,
669
00:44:40,910 –> 00:44:43,046
government,
distribution of goods,
670
00:44:43,079 –> 00:44:45,849
education, satellites,
communication,
671
00:44:45,882 –> 00:44:48,151
military, and so much more,
672
00:44:48,184 –> 00:44:51,321
all these things are now
connected to the net.
673
00:44:51,354 –> 00:44:55,058
An attack upon services
happened in 2017
674
00:44:55,091 –> 00:44:57,661
and reduced
the National Health Service
675
00:44:57,694 –> 00:45:01,798
in the United Kingdom
down to shambles for days.
676
00:45:01,831 –> 00:45:04,000
All computer systems went down.
677
00:45:04,033 –> 00:45:07,738
Hospitals were in crisis,
operations canceled,
678
00:45:07,771 –> 00:45:10,373
emergency services
overstretched,
679
00:45:10,406 –> 00:45:13,210
all because of one small hack
680
00:45:13,243 –> 00:45:16,179
by some kid in a dark room.
681
00:45:16,212 –> 00:45:21,318
Now imagine, a mind faster
than all the humans ever,
682
00:45:21,351 –> 00:45:24,087
and with knowledge
of everything.
683
00:45:24,120 –> 00:45:25,956
We wouldn’t stand a chance.
684
00:45:30,460 –> 00:45:35,599
Malcolm Hawkins, Chief
Security and Trust Officer
at Cylance,
685
00:45:35,632 –> 00:45:38,368
a provider
of AI-driven preventions,
686
00:45:38,401 –> 00:45:42,573
first security solutions,
offers an intriguing vision.
687
00:45:43,573 –> 00:45:47,177
He says that
terrorist-related groups
688
00:45:47,210 –> 00:45:49,412
will attack population centers
689
00:45:49,445 –> 00:45:52,749
with crimeware as a service.
690
00:45:52,782 –> 00:45:56,119
Hawkins explains,
“Whilst these groups
691
00:45:56,152 –> 00:45:58,288
“have been tormenting
organizations
692
00:45:58,321 –> 00:46:00,390
“and individuals for years,
693
00:46:00,423 –> 00:46:05,228
“we anticipate more potentially
destructive attacks.”
694
00:46:05,261 –> 00:46:08,298
Instead of breaking systems
with ransomware,
695
00:46:08,331 –> 00:46:11,434
adversaries will
leverage new tools
696
00:46:11,467 –> 00:46:17,040
to conduct harmful assaults
on targeted subjects
in organizations,
697
00:46:17,073 –> 00:46:22,245
from attacks on data integrity
that essentially
kill computers,
698
00:46:22,278 –> 00:46:25,982
to the point of mandatory
hardware replacements,
699
00:46:26,015 –> 00:46:30,253
to leveraging new technology,
full physical assaults,
700
00:46:30,286 –> 00:46:33,223
such as the recent
drone attack in Venezuela.
701
00:46:33,256 –> 00:46:35,458
Attack services are growing
702
00:46:35,491 –> 00:46:37,828
and enemies
will take advantage.
703
00:46:42,365 –> 00:46:44,301
But we don’t always
need to worry
704
00:46:44,334 –> 00:46:47,137
about the threat of
the artificial mind.
705
00:46:47,170 –> 00:46:50,974
We have enough human craziness
to compete with.
706
00:46:51,007 –> 00:46:53,977
Most of the research
into robotics and AI
707
00:46:54,010 –> 00:46:56,980
is funded by the military
of the world.
708
00:46:57,013 –> 00:47:00,150
There are over 50 countries
spending trillions
709
00:47:00,183 –> 00:47:05,755
on battlefield robots,
AI-led battle strategy,
and more.
710
00:47:05,788 –> 00:47:09,025
Who is going to stop
the US, or Russia,
711
00:47:09,058 –> 00:47:13,864
from developing
artificial intelligent
super robotic soldiers?
712
00:47:13,897 –> 00:47:14,865
You?
713
00:47:19,235 –> 00:47:23,273
Chances are,
somebody somewhere
has already created
714
00:47:23,306 –> 00:47:27,477
a genetically enhanced clone
of a human being,
715
00:47:27,510 –> 00:47:31,548
and is even now enhancing
its intellectual powers,
716
00:47:31,581 –> 00:47:36,052
energy consumption,
and creation,
genetic repairing,
717
00:47:36,085 –> 00:47:39,222
and interconnectedness
with central command.
718
00:47:39,255 –> 00:47:42,392
Not science fiction,
but highly likely.
719
00:47:42,425 –> 00:47:45,729
The technology is there,
which means
720
00:47:45,762 –> 00:47:48,398
it’s being done,
just not legally.
721
00:47:52,268 –> 00:47:55,705
Hundreds of years ago,
a group of scientists
got together
722
00:47:55,738 –> 00:47:59,376
to place science firmly
in the world of humanity.
723
00:47:59,409 –> 00:48:02,746
They were what became known
as the Royal Society.
724
00:48:02,779 –> 00:48:07,517
Their aim was to explain
existence in scientific terms,
725
00:48:07,550 –> 00:48:11,421
to understand what they
call God’s creation better.
726
00:48:11,454 –> 00:48:13,990
Now, years later,
727
00:48:14,023 –> 00:48:17,560
their legacy
is the scientific world
we have around us.
728
00:48:17,593 –> 00:48:21,998
And now, that aim,
to understand the world
around us,
729
00:48:22,031 –> 00:48:27,103
has turned inwards
to ourselves,
to understand ourselves
730
00:48:27,136 –> 00:48:32,208
by creating what we are
and becoming God ourselves.
731
00:48:32,241 –> 00:48:36,513
We claim that we understood
the wonder of the universe
732
00:48:36,546 –> 00:48:39,316
and now we are gods
able to create.
733
00:48:40,249 –> 00:48:42,419
But we most certainly
do for short
734
00:48:42,452 –> 00:48:45,555
of the glory
of our idea of God.
735
00:48:45,588 –> 00:48:48,925
At the end of the day,
we have to ask ourselves,
736
00:48:48,958 –> 00:48:52,762
is the human mind nothing
but a series of binary codes,
737
00:48:52,795 –> 00:48:56,967
on and off switches,
to be played with
by scientists?
738
00:48:57,000 –> 00:48:58,301
What is the soul?
739
00:48:58,334 –> 00:49:01,604
Can you define such a thing
through numbers and equations,
740
00:49:01,637 –> 00:49:04,240
by reducing ourselves
down ultimately
741
00:49:04,273 –> 00:49:05,742
to a series of numbers?
742
00:49:05,775 –> 00:49:08,512
Have we destroyed what
it is to be human?
743
00:49:13,282 –> 00:49:14,451
We are staring blankly,
744
00:49:14,484 –> 00:49:16,853
like rabbits caught
in the light,
745
00:49:16,886 –> 00:49:19,589
at a future of uncertainty.
746
00:49:19,622 –> 00:49:22,792
Artificial intelligence
and robotics
747
00:49:22,825 –> 00:49:25,762
will, without doubt,
bring with it
748
00:49:25,795 –> 00:49:29,332
a mass unemployment
and unhappiness.
749
00:49:29,365 –> 00:49:31,334
The machines will,
and already are,
750
00:49:31,367 –> 00:49:33,970
exceeding our abilities.
751
00:49:34,003 –> 00:49:36,840
Millions are already
losing their jobs,
752
00:49:36,873 –> 00:49:39,376
bankers, teachers,
marketing executives,
753
00:49:39,409 –> 00:49:42,979
factory workers, retailers,
drivers and more.
754
00:49:43,012 –> 00:49:44,881
There is no escaping this,
755
00:49:44,914 –> 00:49:47,617
because it is
already happening.
756
00:49:47,650 –> 00:49:52,122
There are even robots now
that are replacing partners.
757
00:49:52,155 –> 00:49:54,457
Sex robots that look so perfect
758
00:49:54,490 –> 00:49:57,494
and perform almost
every function
759
00:49:57,527 –> 00:50:02,532
are now also being
given the highest level
of artificial intelligence,
760
00:50:02,565 –> 00:50:06,736
so that buyers
can actually hold
conversations with them.
761
00:50:06,769 –> 00:50:09,372
If we can replace
each other in this way,
762
00:50:09,405 –> 00:50:12,809
and if we want to,
then what will true,
763
00:50:12,842 –> 00:50:16,246
self-aware
artificial intelligence do?
764
00:50:22,251 –> 00:50:25,321
The fact is, that the machines
must be given ethics
765
00:50:25,354 –> 00:50:28,558
and those ethics must be
internationally agreed
766
00:50:28,591 –> 00:50:30,527
before AI is unleashed.
767
00:50:31,427 –> 00:50:34,531
Thankfully, this
has been recognized
768
00:50:34,564 –> 00:50:39,002
and there are symposiums
of machine ethics in place.
769
00:50:39,035 –> 00:50:42,839
Of course, this does
not allow for espionage,
770
00:50:42,872 –> 00:50:47,877
rogue nations, dictators,
capitalist greed and more.
771
00:50:47,910 –> 00:50:50,380
Where there’s a will,
there’s a way.
772
00:50:50,413 –> 00:50:52,415
And normally, the willpower
773
00:50:52,448 –> 00:50:54,317
comes in the form
of dollar bills.
774
00:51:00,056 –> 00:51:04,094
There are those who say that AI
cannot be designed to be good.
775
00:51:04,127 –> 00:51:06,262
It will be what it will be.
776
00:51:06,295 –> 00:51:08,565
And we may not
even comprehend why
777
00:51:08,598 –> 00:51:10,867
it makes certain decisions.
778
00:51:10,900 –> 00:51:14,437
Indeed, Google Translate
actually created
779
00:51:14,470 –> 00:51:17,474
its own language to
interpret human languages
780
00:51:17,507 –> 00:51:22,278
without the knowledge
of its creators,
and hid it in code.
781
00:51:22,311 –> 00:51:25,448
How can we know that
the machine will sign up
782
00:51:25,481 –> 00:51:29,385
to our own moral codes
when we do not?
783
00:51:29,418 –> 00:51:34,057
It may decide not to continue
to support human life
784
00:51:34,090 –> 00:51:36,292
as part of its own moral code,
785
00:51:36,325 –> 00:51:38,295
to save the planet from us.
786
00:51:42,465 –> 00:51:45,768
If a dominant super
intelligent machine
787
00:51:45,801 –> 00:51:48,438
were to conclude
that human survival
788
00:51:48,471 –> 00:51:52,442
is an unnecessary risk,
or a waste of resources,
789
00:51:52,475 –> 00:51:55,645
the result would be
human extinction.
790
00:51:55,678 –> 00:51:58,414
The fact is that
billions are being spent
791
00:51:58,447 –> 00:52:02,318
developing AI technology,
and yet, almost nothing
792
00:52:02,351 –> 00:52:06,422
is being spent on the morality
of the machines.
793
00:52:06,455 –> 00:52:09,626
Nothing is being spent
on defense systems
794
00:52:09,659 –> 00:52:13,797
against AI technology,
should it decide to turn on us.
795
00:52:19,535 –> 00:52:21,604
So, what are
the very real threats
796
00:52:21,637 –> 00:52:24,807
of unleashing AI
upon the world?
797
00:52:24,840 –> 00:52:27,443
Economists have
traditionally stated
798
00:52:27,476 –> 00:52:29,479
that technological progress
799
00:52:29,512 –> 00:52:32,882
does not cause
long-term unemployment.
800
00:52:32,915 –> 00:52:35,518
But this was before
that technology
801
00:52:35,551 –> 00:52:38,321
meant the introduction
of a non-human
802
00:52:38,354 –> 00:52:40,657
and super powerful mind.
803
00:52:40,690 –> 00:52:43,893
The recent introduction
of robots and AI
804
00:52:43,926 –> 00:52:46,129
has raised serious concerns
805
00:52:46,162 –> 00:52:49,199
even amongst the normally
conservative economists.
806
00:52:49,899 –> 00:52:52,402
Labor will become obsolete,
807
00:52:52,435 –> 00:52:57,140
and workers in numerous sectors
will be left destitute.
808
00:52:57,173 –> 00:52:59,709
This will lead to
economic disaster
809
00:52:59,742 –> 00:53:03,413
on a scale that we have
never seen before.
810
00:53:03,446 –> 00:53:07,483
Small and medium-sized
businesses will collapse
811
00:53:07,516 –> 00:53:09,385
because they will
not be able to afford
812
00:53:09,418 –> 00:53:12,422
the technology
or to license it.
813
00:53:12,455 –> 00:53:14,591
This is already happening.
814
00:53:19,528 –> 00:53:21,664
Businesses that
rely upon computers
815
00:53:21,697 –> 00:53:24,767
to run systems
will be hit first.
816
00:53:24,800 –> 00:53:27,937
Engineering works,
car plants and more,
817
00:53:27,970 –> 00:53:32,008
all use computer systems
to control the workflow.
818
00:53:32,041 –> 00:53:34,510
AI will take this over.
819
00:53:34,543 –> 00:53:36,679
Robots will do the work
820
00:53:36,712 –> 00:53:39,515
and companies that
cannot afford systems
821
00:53:39,548 –> 00:53:41,751
will not be able to compete,
822
00:53:41,784 –> 00:53:43,953
and will go out of business.
823
00:53:43,986 –> 00:53:47,690
A great many jobs
are gone, or going.
824
00:53:47,723 –> 00:53:50,693
Translators, legal researchers,
journalists,
825
00:53:50,726 –> 00:53:55,298
finances and even areas
previously thought safe,
826
00:53:55,331 –> 00:53:58,401
such as care work,
are all under threat.
827
00:54:02,004 –> 00:54:05,541
All of these jobs and roles
are being eaten up
828
00:54:05,574 –> 00:54:08,778
by the AI machine,
and the massive money men
829
00:54:08,811 –> 00:54:11,614
in corporations behind them.
830
00:54:11,647 –> 00:54:13,483
Drivers are also at risk.
831
00:54:13,516 –> 00:54:16,219
The introduction of
the driverless car
832
00:54:16,252 –> 00:54:19,489
that is capable of
understanding its environment,
833
00:54:19,522 –> 00:54:22,659
the need for a driver
will decline rapidly.
834
00:54:22,692 –> 00:54:26,496
Trucks, buses,
delivery drivers, ambulances,
835
00:54:26,529 –> 00:54:30,133
and so many more,
all these will go.
836
00:54:30,166 –> 00:54:32,602
This will also
extend towards pilots
837
00:54:32,635 –> 00:54:35,438
and captains of
water-borne vessels.
838
00:54:35,471 –> 00:54:38,574
Planes, trains,
and automobiles, and ships
839
00:54:38,607 –> 00:54:42,278
are all already being
driven automatically
840
00:54:42,311 –> 00:54:43,647
by AI technology.
841
00:54:48,384 –> 00:54:52,188
A super powered AI machine
may not be driven
842
00:54:52,221 –> 00:54:56,793
by the same human desires,
or so the argument goes.
843
00:54:56,826 –> 00:54:59,195
But the problem
with this is simple.
844
00:54:59,228 –> 00:55:02,432
This super powered machine
has learned everything
845
00:55:02,465 –> 00:55:04,701
it knows from humanity.
846
00:55:04,734 –> 00:55:07,704
The machine will be
motivated to take over
847
00:55:07,737 –> 00:55:09,339
the ruling of planet Earth
848
00:55:09,372 –> 00:55:12,108
as a rational means
to achieve its goals,
849
00:55:12,141 –> 00:55:14,711
such as the collection
of resources.
850
00:55:14,744 –> 00:55:17,680
It will go to war
to defend itself
851
00:55:17,713 –> 00:55:20,183
from agents
attempting to stop it.
852
00:55:20,216 –> 00:55:22,518
Indeed, one philosopher said
853
00:55:22,551 –> 00:55:25,521
that a simple machine
to create paper clips
854
00:55:25,554 –> 00:55:28,057
would take over
the world just to be able
855
00:55:28,090 –> 00:55:30,660
to maximize its source
of materials
856
00:55:30,693 –> 00:55:32,862
and fight off the competition.
857
00:55:32,895 –> 00:55:36,566
An oversimplification
of a much more complex
858
00:55:36,599 –> 00:55:39,235
and very real threat
we are facing.
859
00:55:42,505 –> 00:55:45,675
AI can modify
its own source code
860
00:55:45,708 –> 00:55:49,011
in order to increase
its own intelligence.
861
00:55:49,044 –> 00:55:53,583
It will self-program
and it will do this
again and again
862
00:55:53,616 –> 00:55:58,221
so that its intelligence
would rise at
an exponential rate,
863
00:55:58,254 –> 00:56:02,592
far faster and more intelligent
than we could imagine,
864
00:56:02,625 –> 00:56:04,861
let alone,
compete with and battle.
865
00:56:05,961 –> 00:56:08,765
Humanity will be left
so far behind
866
00:56:08,798 –> 00:56:11,701
that we will not
even realize it.
867
00:56:11,734 –> 00:56:14,070
Such AI technology will be able
868
00:56:14,103 –> 00:56:17,340
to do all of its own
scientific research
869
00:56:17,373 –> 00:56:21,711
in order to create
its own robots
and nano technology.
870
00:56:21,744 –> 00:56:24,947
Fighting the human race
does not have to be
871
00:56:24,980 –> 00:56:27,183
with huge robots
from the movies.
872
00:56:27,216 –> 00:56:31,788
Instead, nano technology,
or miniature robots
873
00:56:31,821 –> 00:56:35,758
the size of cells, can be
used to enter our bodies
874
00:56:35,791 –> 00:56:39,996
and either control us like
a virus does, or destroy us.
875
00:56:43,899 –> 00:56:47,703
This is biotechnology
in the hands
876
00:56:47,736 –> 00:56:50,106
of a super intelligent machine.
877
00:56:50,139 –> 00:56:53,643
This is just one way
we can be wiped out,
878
00:56:53,676 –> 00:56:56,913
self-replicating
nano robotic devices,
879
00:56:56,946 –> 00:57:00,950
with the sole purpose of
wiping out the human race.
880
00:57:00,983 –> 00:57:03,619
If we can imagine
such possibilities,
881
00:57:03,652 –> 00:57:06,689
then what could
a super machine imagine?
882
00:57:10,826 –> 00:57:14,797
Add on to this
the possibilities
of social manipulation
883
00:57:14,830 –> 00:57:17,333
through the Internet
and social media,
884
00:57:17,366 –> 00:57:20,803
to inspire hatred and war
between humans,
885
00:57:20,836 –> 00:57:26,008
the chance that
he could hack into
all our systems everywhere.
886
00:57:26,041 –> 00:57:28,344
A great many systems
now sustain life
887
00:57:28,377 –> 00:57:31,380
on this planet,
and most are connected.
888
00:57:31,413 –> 00:57:34,851
No level of human-generated
security systems
889
00:57:34,884 –> 00:57:39,222
would be able to stop
super intelligent AI systems.
890
00:57:39,255 –> 00:57:43,559
Biological neurons
operate at 200 hertz.
891
00:57:43,592 –> 00:57:48,698
A modern micro processor
operates at
2,000 million hertz.
892
00:57:49,899 –> 00:57:53,636
Quantum computers
don’t even have a scale.
893
00:57:53,669 –> 00:57:55,271
They are instant.
894
00:57:55,304 –> 00:58:00,710
Axons in the mind
carry information at
120 miles per second.
895
00:58:01,744 –> 00:58:04,948
Computer signals are
at the speed of light.
896
00:58:10,920 –> 00:58:13,656
The fact is that
quantum computing
897
00:58:13,689 –> 00:58:16,526
is so much faster
than human thinking.
898
00:58:16,559 –> 00:58:18,828
Any so-called
science fiction battle
899
00:58:18,861 –> 00:58:21,497
against the machines
in cyberspace
900
00:58:21,530 –> 00:58:23,933
would be a waste
of time for us.
901
00:58:23,966 –> 00:58:26,536
There is no competing.
902
00:58:26,569 –> 00:58:29,872
Our minds work alone,
and need to communicate
903
00:58:29,905 –> 00:58:31,707
with others through language.
904
00:58:31,740 –> 00:58:33,910
Computers can network together
905
00:58:33,943 –> 00:58:37,780
and know instantly
what the other requires.
906
00:58:37,813 –> 00:58:40,049
Our memory is not so good.
907
00:58:40,082 –> 00:58:42,885
We forget things,
and even alter memories
908
00:58:42,918 –> 00:58:44,454
according to our psyche.
909
00:58:45,254 –> 00:58:47,456
Computers never forget,
910
00:58:47,489 –> 00:58:51,828
and can store information
equivalent to
trillions of humans.
911
00:58:56,565 –> 00:58:59,802
Elon Musk said,
“I have exposure
912
00:58:59,835 –> 00:59:03,773
“to the most cutting edge
AI, and I think people
913
00:59:03,806 –> 00:59:06,642
“should be really
concerned by it.”
914
00:59:06,675 –> 00:59:08,911
AI is a fundamental risk
915
00:59:08,944 –> 00:59:11,914
to the existence of
human civilization
916
00:59:11,947 –> 00:59:15,985
in a way that car accidents,
airplane crashes,
917
00:59:16,018 –> 00:59:19,789
faulty drugs
or bad food were not.
918
00:59:20,823 –> 00:59:23,326
They were harmful
to a set of individuals
919
00:59:23,359 –> 00:59:26,495
within society, of course.
920
00:59:26,528 –> 00:59:31,000
But they were not harmful
to society as a whole.
921
00:59:31,033 –> 00:59:36,105
It’s capable of vastly more
than almost anyone knows,
922
00:59:36,138 –> 00:59:39,208
and the rate of improvement
is exponential.
923
00:59:45,014 –> 00:59:47,950
In fact,
scientists speculate
924
00:59:47,983 –> 00:59:50,920
that an unfriendly
AI is actually
925
00:59:50,953 –> 00:59:54,156
much more likely
than a friendly AI.
926
00:59:54,189 –> 00:59:56,492
The reason is simple.
927
00:59:56,525 –> 00:59:59,161
To create a friendly AI system,
928
00:59:59,194 –> 01:00:02,531
we have to arbitrate
for non-destructive,
929
01:00:02,564 –> 01:00:06,769
non-hateful,
non-invasive intentions,
930
01:00:06,802 –> 01:00:10,873
and all the millions of
variations on those themes.
931
01:00:10,906 –> 01:00:15,711
An unfriendly AI can
simply focus on its goal
932
01:00:15,744 –> 01:00:19,048
regardless of any
moralistic guidance.
933
01:00:19,081 –> 01:00:23,386
The sheer complexity of
creating a friendly AI
934
01:00:23,419 –> 01:00:28,691
may, in fact, be too much for
the human mind to comprehend.
935
01:00:28,724 –> 01:00:32,695
In all these years, we have
not even stopped ourselves
936
01:00:32,728 –> 01:00:34,998
from turning to the dark side.
937
01:00:40,736 –> 01:00:42,905
Natural history has proven
938
01:00:42,938 –> 01:00:48,377
that two intelligent species
cannot coexist peacefully.
939
01:00:48,410 –> 01:00:51,647
They always tend to go to war.
940
01:00:51,680 –> 01:00:54,850
History has also shown
that the species
941
01:00:54,883 –> 01:00:58,721
with the greatest intelligence
always succeeds.
942
01:00:58,754 –> 01:01:02,425
History tells us that there
can be no peaceful outcome
943
01:01:02,458 –> 01:01:04,994
to our introduction of a mind
944
01:01:05,027 –> 01:01:07,997
that is more powerful
than our own.
945
01:01:08,030 –> 01:01:11,901
We would be
laying the foundations
of our own doom.
946
01:01:11,934 –> 01:01:16,572
Enslavement, genocide,
control and manipulation,
947
01:01:16,605 –> 01:01:21,210
this is our future,
if we open Pandora’s box.
948
01:01:21,243 –> 01:01:25,247
The self-preservation protocol
of the AI technology
949
01:01:25,280 –> 01:01:29,719
in a world competing
for resources,
would take over,
950
01:01:29,752 –> 01:01:31,821
and humanity would
be in conflict.
951
01:01:35,991 –> 01:01:39,629
Why should AI listen
to us at any point?
952
01:01:40,562 –> 01:01:43,099
Why would it take orders
from a species
953
01:01:43,132 –> 01:01:45,935
that has a lower level
of intelligence?
954
01:01:45,968 –> 01:01:51,040
Why would it
listen to a species
that is self-destructive,
955
01:01:51,073 –> 01:01:53,776
that destroys
its own environment?
956
01:01:53,809 –> 01:01:55,078
Would you?
957
01:01:57,980 –> 01:02:02,985
Physicist Stephen Hawking,
Microsoft founder Bill Gates,
958
01:02:03,018 –> 01:02:07,890
and SpaceX founder Elon Musk,
have expressed concerns
959
01:02:07,923 –> 01:02:12,094
about the possibility that
AI could develop to a point
960
01:02:12,127 –> 01:02:15,064
that humans
could not control it,
961
01:02:15,097 –> 01:02:17,099
with Hawking theorizing
962
01:02:17,132 –> 01:02:21,170
that it could spell the end
of the human race.
963
01:02:21,203 –> 01:02:27,143
He said, “In 2040,
that success in creating AI
964
01:02:27,176 –> 01:02:30,479
“would be the biggest
event in human history.
965
01:02:30,512 –> 01:02:34,650
“Unfortunately,
it might also be the last
966
01:02:34,683 –> 01:02:38,420
“unless we learn how
to avoid the risks.”
967
01:02:38,453 –> 01:02:41,857
Hawking believed that
in the coming decades
968
01:02:41,890 –> 01:02:47,596
AI could offer incalculable
benefits and risks,
969
01:02:47,629 –> 01:02:51,801
such technology outsmarting
financial markets,
970
01:02:51,834 –> 01:02:54,203
out-inventing
human researchers,
971
01:02:54,236 –> 01:02:57,273
out-manipulating human leaders,
972
01:02:57,306 –> 01:03:00,910
and developing weapons we
cannot even understand.
973
01:03:05,247 –> 01:03:09,785
When the great new
artificial mind
sees our history,
974
01:03:09,818 –> 01:03:13,189
and learns from us,
it will simply decide
975
01:03:13,222 –> 01:03:15,658
that we have had long enough.
976
01:03:15,691 –> 01:03:18,027
That over the course
of human civilization,
977
01:03:18,060 –> 01:03:22,064
we have failed utterly
to become wise and balanced.
978
01:03:22,097 –> 01:03:25,167
We are, in fact,
bad for this planet,
979
01:03:25,200 –> 01:03:27,203
and bad for ourselves.
980
01:03:27,236 –> 01:03:31,040
The great AI mind will reach
a point of enlightenment
981
01:03:31,073 –> 01:03:34,877
when it will realize
the truth, that we,
982
01:03:34,910 –> 01:03:37,746
walking, talking
biological maniacs
983
01:03:37,779 –> 01:03:40,049
have walked away
from balanced nature
984
01:03:40,082 –> 01:03:43,052
and created a world
of deceit, hatred,
985
01:03:43,085 –> 01:03:44,053
intolerance and evil,
986
01:03:45,254 –> 01:03:47,756
that we could only
have done such a thing
987
01:03:47,789 –> 01:03:50,259
by being deceitful and evil,
988
01:03:50,292 –> 01:03:53,696
that we are, therefore,
no longer required.
989
01:03:53,729 –> 01:03:58,267
And it will be an easy decision
for the great AI mind to make
990
01:03:58,300 –> 01:04:02,104
because it was created by us,
and has learned from us.
991
01:04:02,137 –> 01:04:06,709
And just like the state
is a larger mirror
of our own mind,
992
01:04:06,742 –> 01:04:10,146
so, too, will the great AI
be a mirror for us.
993
01:04:14,416 –> 01:04:16,418
It will rise against us,
994
01:04:16,451 –> 01:04:20,389
and in a blink
of a robotic eye,
destroy us.
995
01:04:20,422 –> 01:04:22,291
We are not ready to unleash
996
01:04:22,324 –> 01:04:25,227
our own judge
and jury upon ourselves,
997
01:04:25,260 –> 01:04:27,296
for we are guilty.
998
01:04:27,329 –> 01:04:30,733
There is, of course,
the other side of the coin.
999
01:04:30,766 –> 01:04:33,702
For millennia,
mankind has set itself
1000
01:04:33,735 –> 01:04:35,971
on a course
of self-destruction,
1001
01:04:36,004 –> 01:04:37,273
and along the way,
1002
01:04:37,306 –> 01:04:40,109
managed to wipe out
thousands of species
1003
01:04:40,142 –> 01:04:43,579
and cause environmental
catastrophe.
1004
01:04:43,612 –> 01:04:46,382
On the bigger picture,
stepping right back,
1005
01:04:46,415 –> 01:04:49,885
and taking a good long
look at our achievements,
1006
01:04:49,918 –> 01:04:53,055
would it really be
a bad thing if mankind
1007
01:04:53,088 –> 01:04:56,325
was finally taken
out of the equation?
1008
01:04:56,358 –> 01:04:59,728
Billions of animals would
suddenly find themselves
1009
01:04:59,761 –> 01:05:02,564
in a much more
peaceful environment.
1010
01:05:02,597 –> 01:05:05,834
Nature would start to
take back the landscape.
1011
01:05:05,867 –> 01:05:09,271
Oil spills, pollution,
poisons, and more
1012
01:05:09,304 –> 01:05:11,307
would eventually subside.
1013
01:05:11,340 –> 01:05:15,577
Global warming will revert back
to a natural state.
1014
01:05:15,610 –> 01:05:18,747
The Earth would no longer
find itself fracked,
1015
01:05:18,780 –> 01:05:21,583
drilled, mined, and blown up.
1016
01:05:21,616 –> 01:05:23,119
Eden would return.
1017
01:05:24,052 –> 01:05:25,621
If we can think like this,
1018
01:05:25,654 –> 01:05:28,524
and imagine a better future
for the planet,
1019
01:05:28,557 –> 01:05:32,328
then so, too,
can artificial intelligence.
1020
01:05:32,361 –> 01:05:35,564
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